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Study of the mechanism of anticancer drug action on neuroblastomas
Černá, Tereza ; Stiborová, Marie (advisor) ; Souček, Pavel (referee) ; Mrízová, Iveta (referee)
Despite advances in cancer diagnosis and therapy, cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. The improvements of cancer treatment are the major challenge in this research. The aim of the thesis was studying of effects of two anticancer drugs ellipticine (Elli) and doxorubicin (DOX) on some cancer and healthy cell lines. Specific consideration was given to expand current knowledge about the metabolism and cytostatic effects of Elli in neuroblastoma cell lines. Another part of this study was focused on mechanisms contributing to the development of ellipticine-resistance in cancer cells and influence of histone deacetylase inhibitors on anticancer therapy was investigated. Moreover, the aim was to develop apoferritin (Apo) nanocarrier suitable for the active transport of cytostatics to cancer cells. Several essential data were found in this doctoral thesis. Anticancer efficiency of Elli depends on the CYP3A4-mediated metabolism in cancer. The CYP3A4 enzyme encapsulated into two nanoparticle forms, liposomes and SupersomesTM , was tested to activate ellipticine to its reactive species forming covalent DNA adducts. The formation of adducts seems to be dependent on concentrations of CYP3A4 in nanoparticle systems. A higher effectiveness of CYP3A4 in SupersomesTM than in liposomes to form...
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Important mechanisms of tumorigenesis and their role in chemoresistance of head and neck cancers
Zlámalová, Viktorie ; Šírová, Milada (advisor) ; Zíková, Martina (referee)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Despite improvements in therapeutic outcomes due to advances in surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and imaging techniques, HNSCC still has high mortality rate. For patients who are not cured with surgery and radiotherapy, there are few effective treatment options. Although HNSCC is heterogeneous in nature, current molecular classification distinguishes only human papilloma virus positive and negative tumors. HNSCC in general are characterized by considerable resistance and high rate of locoregional recurrence. Loss of p53 control pathway and numerous alterations in components of intracellular signaling pathways are consistently observed throughout the majority of HNSCC cases, supporting uncontrolled proliferation. It was proven that common mutations in the HNSCC genome play major role in tumorigenesis as well as in resistance to chemotherapy. The aim of the thesis is to describe the important mechanisms in HNSCC, which are associated with mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor and p53, and those including PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Notch signaling pathways. Association of these pathways with chemoresistance to commonly used drugs and even to advanced targeted therapeutic agents was evidenced by many...
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